IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM MANAJEMEN LINGKUNGAN PADA INDUSTRI PERTAMBANGAN DAN PERKEBUNAN DI KABUPATEN BERAU: SEBUAH TINJAUAN LITERATUR
Keywords:
Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan, Kabupaten Berau, Pertambangan, Perkebunan, Keberlanjutan, ISO 14001, Environmental Management System, Berau Regency, Mining, Plantations, Sustainability, ISO 14001Abstract
Kabupaten Berau sebagai wilayah dengan sektor pertambangan dan perkebunan yang berkembang pesat menghadapi tantangan dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kelestarian lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi Sistem Manajemen Lingkungan (SML) pada industri pertambangan dan perkebunan di Kabupaten Berau melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis. Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review dengan menganalisis 38 artikel jurnal, 8 buku, dan dokumen kebijakan lingkungan yang dipublikasikan dalam rentang tahun 2022-2025. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa implementasi SML berbasis ISO 14001 di Kabupaten Berau masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, termasuk keterbatasan kapasitas SDM (65% perusahaan), biaya implementasi tinggi (70% kendala utama), dan kompleksitas regulasi (58% hambatan). Namun, perusahaan yang telah mengimplementasikan SML menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja lingkungan signifikan dengan pengurangan emisi 18-32%, efisiensi air 20-35%, dan peningkatan pengelolaan limbah 25-40%. Faktor kritis kesuksesan meliputi komitmen manajemen puncak, pelatihan SDM berkelanjutan, kolaborasi dengan pemerintah daerah dan masyarakat, serta integrasi kearifan lokal Dayak dalam praktik konservasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pengembangan model SML yang adaptif dengan konteks lokal Berau, penguatan kapasitas kelembagaan, dan penerapan teknologi monitoring lingkungan berbasis digital.
Berau Regency, with its rapidly growing mining and plantation sectors, faces challenges in maintaining a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) in the mining and plantation industries in Berau Regency through a systematic literature review. The method used was a literature review, analyzing 38 journal articles, 8 books, and environmental policy documents published between 2022 and 2025. The review results indicate that the implementation of an ISO 14001-based EMS in Berau Regency still faces various challenges, including limited human resource capacity (65% of companies), high implementation costs (70% of the main obstacles), and regulatory complexity (58% of obstacles). However, companies that have implemented an EMS have shown significant improvements in environmental performance, with emissions reductions of 18-32%, water efficiency increases of 20-35%, and waste management improvements of 25-40%. Critical success factors include top management commitment, ongoing human resource training, collaboration with local governments and communities, and the integration of local Dayak wisdom into conservation practices. This study recommends developing an EMS model that is adaptive to the local context of Berau, strengthening institutional capacity, and implementing digital-based environmental monitoring technology.
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